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Home Archive by category "Other Areas" (Page 2)

Key Takeaways From The Union Budget 2019

By Ikigai Law | Other Areas | 0 comment | 8 July, 2019 | 2

1. INTRODUCTION   The Indian union budget was declared on 05 July 2019 by the finance minister, Nirmala Sitharaman. This was the first budget presented by the Narendra Modi government in its second term. The budget speech is available here, highlights released by the union government are available here, the Finance Bill, 2019 is availableRead more

Indian Economic Survey 2018-19

By Ikigai Law | Other Areas | 0 comment | 8 July, 2019 | 2

1. PRELIMINARY 1.1 The finance ministry presents the economic survey (“ES”) of India in the parliament every year before the union budget. This document is prepared by the finance ministry and the chief economic adviser. The ES presents the finance ministry’s views on the annual economic development of India. This post highlights major observations fromRead more

India At The G20 Summit

By Ikigai Law | Other Areas | 0 comment | 5 July, 2019 | 2

1. Introduction   The G20 Summit was held in Osaka, Japan on 28 and 29 June 2019. Prime minister Narendra Modi participated in nine bilateral meetings, eight pull-aside meetings, two plurilateral meetings namely, Japan-America-India (“JAI”) and Russia-India-China (“RIC”) and one multilateral meeting, comprising of Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa (“BRICS”) in addition to four G20 meetings.   2.Read more

Impact Bonds In India: Learnings From Public-Private Partnerships

By Ikigai Law | Other Areas, Uncategorized | 0 comment | 28 June, 2019 | 1

This is the second post[1] on our series on impact bonds (“IB”). It explores the similarities between public-private partnerships (“PPP”) and IBs. On this basis, it argues that India’s experience with PPPs can help pave the way for the use of IB as an instrument of impact investment[2] and delivery of social services. What areRead more

2019印度大选结果对科技政策的影响

By Ikigai Law | Other Areas | 0 comment | 30 May, 2019 | 1

I. 选举概况 印度总理莫迪所领导的人民党(BJP)将组成下一届联合政府。5月23日,印度大选结果公布,人民党及其盟友所组成的执政联盟(NDA)在下议院(又称人民院)获得了542个席位中的353个,其中,人民党凭一己之力拿下了303个席位。此次全党和全选区选举结果参看此处。莫迪有望连任印度总理。稍后将会公布部长会议及内阁成员名单。 印度股市在执政联盟获胜后创下新高。在印外国公司和印度企业家对选举结果表示了谨慎乐观态度。外国投资者尤其对人民党第二个任期将带来的政治稳定性表示了欢迎,但是对政府可能会延续其保护主义立场感到担忧,印度的《全国电商政策草案》(《电子商务政策草案》)和外国直接投资政策的修改即是这一立场的例证。 人民党及执政联盟的胜利极有可能意味着本届政府的政策和立场会得到延续。莫迪政府基于民族主义立场对印度公司利益的支持态度将会继续,这一态度也会在如电商政策和国际贸易谈判等政策工具上得到体现。这一点需要进一步处理以吸引更多外国投资(包括私募股本和风险投资等)进入印度。同时,政府政策的延续性也意味着其他主要利益相关者的政策立场也极有可能维持不变。 II. 2019印度大选结果启示 1. 执政联盟为何会成功? 充足的资源,强劲的选举策略,对人民党内部进行的激进重组,对政府在任期内所取得成就的大量宣传,通过选举宣言和选举策略主打贸易和中产阶级——这些都被认为是执政联盟选举获胜的原因。有评论认为,人民党对近期普尔瓦马恐怖袭击的回应,及其推动的印度教民族主义情绪也使不少选民受到影响。 2. 在关键邦的表现 此次大选中,执政联盟在马哈拉施特拉邦、卡纳塔卡邦、德里邦、特伦甘纳邦、古吉拉特邦、哈里亚纳邦、中央邦、拉贾斯坦邦、阿鲁纳恰尔邦和北方邦表现出色。人民党在西孟加拉邦和喀拉拉邦这两个传统的左翼政党地区也势头强劲。人民党在印度多个邦的胜利对联邦院(即议会上院,又称国务委员会)选举有重要影响。目前,联邦院244个席位中人民党占73个。而北方邦和卡纳塔卡邦等地区的联邦院席位明年即将面临选举,随着人民党在这些地区确定执政,人民党的联邦院席位有望继续扩大。若如此,人民党及其盟友有可能会控制上下两院,从而保证其立法活动在未来几年中不受任何阻碍。 3. 意识形态 在制定政策过程中,人民党预计将会采取“民族优先”立场。印度右翼志愿组织,印度国民志愿团(RSS),被认为与人民党有密切联系。国民志愿团的附属组织名为Swadeshi Jagran Manch(SJM),该组织持民族主义立场,专门负责对经济政策工作及发表相关评论。其行为包括:近期,SJM要求政府对在印度经商的中国公司设置障碍;警告政府不要加入区域全面经济伙伴关系,因为SJM认为加入该协定会损害印度中小企业的利益;要求采取保护印度业主利益的电商政策,因为SJM认为美国电商公司正绕过印度法律,同时中国商家在电商平台上对印度非法销售中国产品。作为国民志愿团的前成员,莫迪支持该组织的思想体系。在未来新政府的政策议题设置上,国民志愿团和SJM很可能会继续扮演关键角色。 4. 政治议程 人民党领导的联合政府预计将把重心重新转移到2019年初因大选而中断的经济工作上。根据人民党选举宣言,商业环境改革(由于莫迪政府上一任期的成功)以及劳动法改革还会是焦点。同时,新政府预计还会继续其在国内债务清偿方面的改革,如继续推动修改《破产法》(该法于在2016年由莫迪政府颁布)。 几乎可以肯定,信息技术(IT)会是新一届政府的关注点之一。早先,莫迪已经确认信息技术是印度的重要资产之一。在其选举宣言中,人民党承诺关注金融技术,电子政务,科学技术,新兴公司,微型、小型和中性企业和法律相关产业。莫迪还有可能继续关注人工智能、机器学习、物联网、区块链技术和大数据。在关键的技术政策领域,新一届人民党政府将会按照在上一任期中就启动的多种法律和政策工具来执行。这些关键技术政策领域包括: a. 数据:数据本土化,对跨境数据传输的限制,对知情同意书的要求,数据所有权,和数据可移植性等将是需要继续处理的关键问题。印度《2018个人数据保护法》(联合政府法案)可能在新政府新任期开始后(2019年7月)在议会第一次会议上正式提交。同样涉及数据治理问题的《电商政策草案》也有可能很快由政府完成落实。 b. 网上内容管制:大选前阶段的一个关键议题是对网上内容,尤其是社交媒体平台内容的管制,这也很有可能会继续成为新政府优先考虑的领域。上届政府试图通过《信息技术》[中介指南规则(修正)草案]》2018版(《中介指南草案》)来修改印度的互联网中介责任框架。政府有望很快提出《中介指南草案》。由于这些法案都是以行政命令的形式推出,因而不需要议会的批准。《中介指南草案》将削弱目前第三方内容责任相关的法律框架下互联网中介所享有的安全港保护。 c. 数字支付:新政府将会推动数字支付以推动非现金经济的转变。印度储备银行(即印度央行,RBI)发布的《结算系统愿景规划2021》确认了将继续强调创新、虚拟安全、金融包容性、客户保护和竞争等问题。该规划还突出了在提升客户体验的同时,需要降低线上支付交易成本的重要问题。 d. 数据存储和云计算:随着数据本土化的发展,对新政府而言,创造印度本地数据存储和加工能力将是一个重要议题。《电商政策草案》即是一个例证,尽管该草案也试图给予本国云服务供应商以优先权。在政策方面,印度电信管理局近期已经加大了对印度国内云计算的监管力度,并有可能很快更新并最终完善其建议。 e. 贸易:对新政府而言,在世界贸易组织(WTO)和区域全面经济伙伴关系(RCEP)的谈判是关键。谈判中的争议问题包括:世贸组织中的电子传输关税豁免永久延期,知识产权保护和执行,数据本土化和基于执法目的的数据访问,电子/IT产品高关税,和外国投资限制等。 f. 新兴技术:新政府有可能会通过逐步推进的方法来推广新兴技术,包括:人工智能,区块链,物联网等,即,通过多种政策工具来表达政策立场。例如,上届政府在探索国防中运用人工智能的可能性。一份2018年6月提交的特别工作组报告现在可能会得到执行。数据治理问题对新兴技术来说很重要,但是这些问题将会在联合政府法案框架下以更具体的方式来处理。

An Introduction to Impact Bonds

By Ikigai Law | Other Areas | 0 comment | 30 May, 2019 | 6

The unavailability of public resources and their inefficient use has led to an increased interest in exploring alternatives to traditional models of funding public services. Impact Bonds (“IB”) are innovative financial instruments that pull private investment to finance high-impact social programs[1]. They are a way for the public and private sector to partner with not-for-profitsRead more

What Do The Results Of The 2019 Indian General Elections Mean For Tech Policy?

By Ikigai Law | Other Areas, Policy | 0 comment | 27 May, 2019 | 1

Overview Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) will form the next Union government in India. In election results announced on 23 May 2019, the BJP and its allies, which together constitute the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), secured 353 out of 542 seats in the Lok Sabha (Lower House of Parliament; also called theRead more

Red-Alert For Content Aggregators

By Ikigai Law | Articles, Ikigai Law, Other Areas | 0 comment | 26 April, 2019 | 1

A recent interim order passed by the Delhi High Court in the matter of PVR Ltd. vs Just Dial Ltd may have grave implications for the business model followed by most aggregation platforms. Deep-linking, framing and content extraction practices undertaken typically by content aggregators may land them in to trouble. The way content aggregation platforms (takeRead more

National Policy on Software Products, 2019

By Ikigai Law | Ikigai Law, Other Areas | 0 comment | 7 March, 2019 | 1

The Union Cabinet approved[1] the National Policy on Software Products, 2019[2] (“Policy”) on 28.02.2019. The Policy aims “to develop India as a software product nation and a global leader in conception, design, development and production of software products.”[3] The Policy will be implemented by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (“MeitY”)[4] in collaboration withRead more

National Policy On Electronics, 2019: A Summary

By Ikigai Law | Ikigai Law, Other Areas | 0 comment | 1 March, 2019 | 1

  I. Preliminary The National Policy on Electronics 2019 (“Policy”)[1] was released by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (“MeitY”)[2] on 25.02.2019. The Policy, which recognises the electronics industry as the “world’s largest and fastest growing industry”[3], seeks to “position India as a global hub for Electronics System Design and Manufacturing (“ESDM”) by […]Read more

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